The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated in February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City, Utah. Approximately 2,400 athletes from 77 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines, held throughout 165 sporting sessions. The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC). Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games, and the 2002 Winter Olympics are the most recent games to be held in the United States.
The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games, was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated in February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Approximately 2,400 athletes from 77 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines, held throughout 165 sporting sessions. The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC).[1] Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games, and the 2002 Winter Olympics are the most recent games to be held in the United States.
The opening ceremony was held on February 8, 2002, and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24, 2002.[1] Music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters.[2] Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics but was surpassed by Turin in the 2006 Winter Olympics four years later, which itself was surpassed by Vancouver in the 2010 Winter Olympics.[3] Following a trend, the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games, with a considerable 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan;[4] more events yet were staged by Turin and then Vancouver and Sochi Olympics.
The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid, as well as some sporting and refereeing controversies during the competitions. Nevertheless, from sporting and business standpoints, they were among the most successful Winter Olympiads in history; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs. Over 2 billion viewers watched more than 13 billion viewer hours.[5] The games were also financially successful raising more money with fewer sponsors than any prior Olympic Games, which left SLOC with a surplus of $40 million at the conclusion of the games. The surplus was used to create the Utah Athletic Foundation, which maintains and operates many of the remaining Olympic venues.[5]
These were the first Winter Olympic Games to be opened by an incumbent President of the United States, George W. Bush. Of the three previous Winter Games which had been held in the United States, both Squaw Valley 1960 and Lake Placid 1980 had been opened by Vice Presidents, Richard Nixon and Walter Mondale respectively, while Lake Placid 1932 was opened by Franklin D. Roosevelt during his tenure as Governor of New York. Both Nixon and Roosevelt became President later in their careers.
Host city selection
- Main article: Bids for the 2002 Winter Olympics
Salt Lake City was chosen over Quebec City, Canada, Sion, Switzerland, and, Östersund, Sweden on June 16, 1995, at the 104th IOC Session in Budapest, Hungary.[6] Salt Lake City had previously come in second during the bids for the 1998 Winter Olympics, awarded to Nagano, Japan, and had offered to be the provisional host of the 1976 Winter Olympics when the original host, Denver, Colorado, withdrew. The 1976 Winter Olympics were ultimately awarded to Innsbruck, Austria.
| 2002 Winter Olympics bidding result[7] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City | Country | Round 1 | |||
| Salt Lake City | Template:USA | 54 | |||
| Östersund | Template:SWE | 14 | |||
| Sion | Template:SUI | 14 | |||
| Quebec City | Template:CAN | 7 | |||
Delta's Boeing 777-200 in livery commemorating the Games
Venues
- Main article: Venues of the 2002 Winter Olympics
Competitive Venues
| Venue | Event(s) | Gross Capacity | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deer Valley | Alpine skiing (slalom), Freestyle skiing | 13,400 | [8] |
| E Center | Ice hockey | 10,500 | [9] |
| Park City Mountain Resort | Alpine skiing (giant slalom), Snowboarding | 16,000 | [10] |
| Peaks Ice Arena | Ice hockey | 8,400 | [11] |
| Salt Lake Ice Center1 | Figure skating, Short track speed skating | 17,500 | [9] |
| Snowbasin | Alpine skiing (combined, downhill, super-G) | 22,500 | [12] |
| Soldier Hollow | Biathlon, Cross-country skiing, Nordic combined (cross-country skiing portion) | 15,200 | [13] |
| The Ice Sheet at Ogden | Curling | 2,000 | [14] |
| Utah Olympic Oval | Speed skating | 5,236 | [15] |
| Utah Olympic Park (bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track) |
Bobsleigh, Luge, Skeleton, Nordic combined (ski jumping portion), ski jumping | 18,100 (ski jumping) 15,000 (sliding track) |
[16] |
1Because of the no-commercialization policy of the Olympics, the Delta Center, now the EnergySolutions Arena, was labeled as the "Salt Lake Ice Center," causing some confusion for visitors.
Non-competitive Venues
| Venue | Event(s)/Purpose | Gross Capacity | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main Media Center | International Broadcast Center & Main Press Center | ||
| 2002 Olympic Medals Plaza | Olympic medal presentations & Olympic Celebration Series concerts | 20,000 | [17] |
| 2002 Olympic Village | Olympic Village & Olympic Family Hotel | ||
| Park City Main Street | Main Street Celebration area, Park City Technical Center, NBC broadcast center, Sponsor Showcases | [18] | |
| Rice-Eccles Olympic Stadium | Opening & Closing Ceremonies | ≈50,000 | [19] |
| Salt Lake Olympic Square | Olympic Medals Plaza, Salt Lake Ice Center, Olympic Superstore, Sponsor Showcases | [20] |
Participating nations
Participating nations
78 National Olympic Committees sent athletes to the Salt Lake City games.
Cameroon, Hong Kong (China), Nepal, Tajikistan, and Thailand participated in their 1st Winter Olympic games. Template:Div col
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias AND|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias AND]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias AND at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias AND]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias ARG|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias ARG]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias ARG at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias ARG]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias ARM|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias ARM]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias ARM at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias ARM]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias AUS|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias AUS]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias AUS at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias AUS]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias AUT|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias AUT]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias AUT at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias AUT]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias AZE|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias AZE]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias AZE at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias AZE]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias BLR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias BLR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias BLR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias BLR]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias BEL|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias BEL]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias BEL at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias BEL]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias BER|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias BER]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias BER at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias BER]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias BIH|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias BIH]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias BIH at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias BIH]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias BRA|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias BRA]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias BRA at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias BRA]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias BUL|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias BUL]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias BUL at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias BUL]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias CMR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias CMR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias CMR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias CMR]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias CAN|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias CAN]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias CAN at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias CAN]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias CHI|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias CHI]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias CHI at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias CHI]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias TPE|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias TPE]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias TPE at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias TPE]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias CHN|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias CHN]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias CHN at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias CHN]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias CRC|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias CRC]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias CRC at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias CRC]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias CRO|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias CRO]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias CRO at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias CRO]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias CYP|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias CYP]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias CYP at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias CYP]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias CZE|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias CZE]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias CZE at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias CZE]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias DEN|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias DEN]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias DEN at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias DEN]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias EST|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias EST]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias EST at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias EST]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias FIJ|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias FIJ]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias FIJ at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias FIJ]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias FIN|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias FIN]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias FIN at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias FIN]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias FRA|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias FRA]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias FRA at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias FRA]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias GEO|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias GEO]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias GEO at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias GEO]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias GER|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias GER]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias GER at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias GER]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias GBR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias GBR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias GBR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias GBR]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias GRE|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias GRE]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias GRE at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias GRE]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias HKG|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias HKG]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias HKG at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias HKG]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias HUN|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias HUN]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias HUN at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias HUN]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias IND|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias IND]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias IND at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias IND]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias IRI|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias IRI]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias IRI at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias IRI]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias IRL|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias IRL]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias IRL at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias IRL]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias ISL|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias ISL]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias ISL at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias ISL]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias ISR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias ISR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias ISR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias ISR]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias ITA|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias ITA]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias ITA at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias ITA]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias JAM|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias JAM]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias JAM at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias JAM]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias JPN|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias JPN]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias JPN at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias JPN]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias KAZ|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias KAZ]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias KAZ at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias KAZ]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias KEN|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias KEN]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias KEN at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias KEN]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias KOR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias KOR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias KOR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias KOR]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias KGZ|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias KGZ]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias KGZ at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias KGZ]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias LAT|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias LAT]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias LAT at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias LAT]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias LIB|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias LIB]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias LIB at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias LIB]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias LIE|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias LIE]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias LIE at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias LIE]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias LTU|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias LTU]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias LTU at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias LTU]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias MKD|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias MKD]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias MKD at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias MKD]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias MEX|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias MEX]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias MEX at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias MEX]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias MDA|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias MDA]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias MDA at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias MDA]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias MON|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias MON]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias MON at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias MON]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias MGL|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias MGL]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias MGL at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias MGL]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias NEP|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias NEP]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias NEP at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias NEP]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias NED|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias NED]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias NED at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias NED]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias NZL|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias NZL]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias NZL at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias NZL]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias NOR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias NOR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias NOR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias NOR]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias POL|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias POL]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias POL at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias POL]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias PUR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias PUR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias PUR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias PUR]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias ROU|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias ROU]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias ROU at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias ROU]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias RUS|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias RUS]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias RUS at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias RUS]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias SMR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias SMR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias SMR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias SMR]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias SVK|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias SVK]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias SVK at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias SVK]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias SLO|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias SLO]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias SLO at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias SLO]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias RSA|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias RSA]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias RSA at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias RSA]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias ESP|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias ESP]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias ESP at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias ESP]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias SWE|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias SWE]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias SWE at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias SWE]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias SUI|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias SUI]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias SUI at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias SUI]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias TJK|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias TJK]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias TJK at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias TJK]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias THA|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias THA]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias THA at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias THA]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias TRI|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias TRI]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias TRI at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias TRI]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias TUR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias TUR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias TUR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias TUR]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias UKR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias UKR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias UKR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias UKR]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias USA|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias USA]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias USA at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias USA]] (host)
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias UZB|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias UZB]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias UZB at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias UZB]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias VEN|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias VEN]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias VEN at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias VEN]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias ISV|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias ISV]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias ISV at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias ISV]]
- [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias YUG|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias YUG]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias YUG at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias YUG]]
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Sports
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Medal table
Salt Lake City 2002 bronze medals
- Main article: 2002 Winter Olympics medal table
- Host nation is highlighted.
| 1 | [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias NOR|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias NOR]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias NOR at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias NOR]] | 13 | 5 | 7 | 25 |
| 2 | [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias GER|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias GER]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias GER at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias GER]] | 12 | 16 | 8 | 36 |
| 3 | [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias USA|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias USA]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias USA at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias USA]] | 10 | 13 | 11 | 34 |
| 4 | [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias CAN|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias CAN]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias CAN at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias CAN]] | 7 | 3 | 7 | 17 |
| 5 | [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias RUS|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias RUS]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias RUS at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias RUS]] | 5 | 4 | 4 | 13 |
| 6 | [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias FRA|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias FRA]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias FRA at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias FRA]] | 4 | 5 | 2 | 11 |
| 7 | [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias ITA|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias ITA]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias ITA at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias ITA]] | 4 | 4 | 5 | 13 |
| 8 | [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias FIN|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias FIN]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias FIN at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias FIN]] | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
| 9 | [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias NED|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias NED]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias NED at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias NED]] | 3 | 5 | 0 | 8 |
| 10 | [[File:Template:Country flag IOC alias AUT|22x20px|border|Template:Country IOC alias AUT]] [[wikipedia:Template:Country IOC alias AUT at the 2002 Winter Olympics|Template:Country IOC alias AUT]] | 3 | 4 | 10 | 17 |
| 11 |
Records
Several medals records were set and/or tied. They included (bold-face indicates broken during the Vancouver Olympics):
- Norway tied the Soviet Union at the 1976 Winter Olympics for most gold medals at a Winter Olympics, with 13.[21]
- Germany set a record for most total medals at a Winter Olympics, with 36.[22]
- The following records the United States set and/or tied:
- Most gold medals at a home Winter Olympics, with 10, tying Norway at the 1994 Winter Olympics.[21]
- Most total medals at a home Winter Olympics, with 34.
Highlights
Olympic flame at Rice-Eccles Olympic Stadium during the opening ceremonies
Detail of the 2002 Winter Games Olympic Torch
- The opening ceremonies included Grammy Award-winning artist LeAnn Rimes singing "Light the Fire Within," the official song of the 2002 Olympics.
- The Grammy Award-winning Mormon Tabernacle Choir performed the "Star-Spangled Banner", National Anthem of the United States, for the opening ceremonies.
- John Williams composed a five-minute work for orchestra and chorus, Call of the Champions, that served as the official theme of the 2002 Winter Olympics, his first for a Winter Olympiad. It was performed by the Utah Symphony Orchestra and featured the Mormon Tabernacle Choir and the Madeleine Choir School singing the official motto of the Olympic Games "Citius, Altius, Fortius" (Faster, Higher, Stronger). The premiere of the work at the opening ceremonies also corresponded with John Williams's 70th birthday. The work is featured on the CD American Journey, and also on the Choir's recording Spirit of America.
- There were also signs of the aftermath of September 11, 2001, being the first Olympics since then. They included the flag that flew at Ground Zero, NYPD officer Daniel Rodriguez singing "God Bless America", and honor guards of NYPD and FDNY members.
- Along with the flag that flew at the World Trade Center site, the Challenger flag was also carried into the stadium.
- The opening segment of the opening ceremony celebrated all previous hosts of the Olympic Winter Games.
- The Olympic Flame was lit by the members of the Gold Medal-winning US Hockey Team of the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, NY, which was the previous time the Winter Olympics were in the US. (See picture at right)
- These Olympics marked the first time a United States president opened an Olympic Winter Games held in the United States, although previous Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Richard Nixon had opened the 1932 Winter Olympics and the 1960 Winter Olympics in their roles as Governor of New York and Vice President of the United States, respectively.
- These were the first Games to be held under IOC president Jacques Rogge.
- Competition highlights included biathlete Ole Einar Bjørndalen of Norway, winning gold in all four men's events (10 k, 12.5 k, 20 k, 4 x 7.5 relay), Nordic combined athlete Samppa Lajunen of Finland winning three gold medals, Simon Ammann of Switzerland taking the double in ski jumping. In alpine skiing, Janica Kostelić won three golds and a silver (the first Winter Olympic medals ever for an athlete from Croatia and the first three-gold performance by a female), while Kjetil André Aamodt of Norway earned his second and third career golds, setting up both athletes to beat the sport's record with their fourth golds earned at the next Winter Olympics near Turin (Aamodt also set the overall medal record in the sport with 8).
- Skeleton returned as a medal sport in the 2002 Games for the first time since 1948.
- Ireland reached its best ever position and came close to winning its first winter medal when Clifton Wrottesley (Clifton Hugh Lancelot de Verdon Wrottesley, 6th Baron Wrottesley) finished fourth in the men's skeleton event.
- The Women's Bobsled Event had its debut at the 2002 Games after several years of World Cup competition.
- A feature of these Games was the emergence of the extreme sports, such as snowboarding, moguls and aerials, which appeared in previous Olympic Winter Games but have captured greater public attention in recent years.
- The United States completed a remarkable sweep of the podium in men's halfpipe snowboarding, with Americans Ross Powers, Danny Kass, and Jarret Thomas all winning medals.
- American Sarah Hughes won the gold medal in figure skating. American and heavy favorite Michelle Kwan fell during her long program and received the bronze medal.
- China won its first and second Winter Olympic gold medals, both by women's short-track speed skater Yang Yang (A).
- One of the most memorable stories of the event occurred at the men's short track. Australian skater Steven Bradbury, a competitor who had won a bronze in 1994 as part of a relay team but well off the pace of the medal favourites, cruised off the pace in his semifinal only to see three of his competitors crash into each other, allowing him to finish second and go through to the final. Bradbury was again well off the pace, but lightning struck again and all four other competitors crashed out in the final turn, leaving a jubilant Bradbury to take the most unlikely of gold medals, the first for Australia—or any other country of the Southern Hemisphere—in the Olympic Winter Games.
- Australia winning their second gold medal, courtesy of Alisa Camplin in Women's Aerials, the first ever Winter Games gold won by a woman from the Southern Hemisphere.
- The Canadian men's ice hockey team defeated the American team 5–2 to claim the gold medal, ending 50 years without the hockey gold. The Canadian women's team also defeated the American team 3–2 after losing to them at the 1998 Winter Olympic Games in Nagano.
- The closing ceremonies marked the final live performance of KISS with its lineup of Stanley/Simmons/Frehley/Singer. They performed "Rock and Roll All Nite". Other artists performing at the 2002 ceremonies were Creed, Sting, Yo Yo Ma, R. Kelly, Christina Aguilera, Dianne Reeves, Harry Connick Jr., Dorothy Hamill, Dave Matthews Band, 'N Sync, Earth, Wind & Fire, The Dixie Chicks, Josh Groban, Charlotte Church, Bon Jovi, Mormon Tabernacle Choir and, during the presentation of Turin, Irene Grandi and Elisa.
- There was a Canadian dollar underneath the ice in support of the Canadian men's team, supposedly placed there at the request of Wayne Gretzky, who knew the man responsible for ice upkeep.
- Team Belarus's Vladimir Kopat scored a game winning goal from center ice against Team Sweden in the quarter finals, getting Belarus to their best place in international hockey so far.
- The games were formally closed by International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge departing from former IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch's tradition of declaring each games "best ever". Rogge's began a tradition of assigning each games their own identity in his comments calling the 2002 Salt Lake Games "flawless"[23]
Concerns and controversies
Bribery to bring the games to Salt Lake City
- Main article: 2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal
In 1998, several IOC members were forced to resign after it was uncovered that they had accepted bribes from Salt Lake Bid Committee co-heads Tom Welch and Dave Johnson in return for voting for Salt Lake City to hold the Games. In response to the scandal and a financial shortfall for the games, Mitt Romney, then CEO of the private equity firm Bain Capital, was hired as the new President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, leaving him and IOC President Dr. Jacques Rogge to contend with the public outcry and financial mess.[24] Romney, Kem C. Gardner, a Utah commercial real estate developer, and Don Stirling, the Olympics' local marketing chief, raised "millions of dollars from Mormon families with pioneer roots: the Eccles family, whose forebears were important industrialists and bankers" to help rescue the games, according to a later report.[25] An additional $410 million dollars was received from the federal government.[26]
Disqualifications for doping
The 2002 games were the first Winter Olympics held after formation of the World Anti-Doping Agency; as a result there were a large number of athletes disqualified following the new testing.[27]
Athletes in cross-country skiing were disqualified for various reasons, including doping by two Russians and one Spaniard, leading Russia to file protests and threaten to withdraw from competition.
Judging controversies
In the first week of the Games, a controversy in the pairs' figure skating competition culminated in the French judge's scores being thrown out and the Canadian team of Jamie Salé and David Pelletier being awarded a second gold medal. Allegations of bribery were leveled against many ice-skating judges, leading to the arrest (at the request of the United States) and release of known criminal Alimzhan Tokhtakhounov by Italian officials.[28]
Opening ceremony
Prior to the ceremony, the turf inside the stadium was removed and a giant, abstract shaped ice rink was installed, covering a large part of the stadium floor. Performers would later perform on ice skates, rather than shoes.Template:Cn
An American Flag rescued from the World Trade Center Site on September 11 was carried into the stadium by an honor guard of American athletes and was carried in by firefighters and police officers. The Mormon Tabernacle Choir, clad in white sweaters, performed "the star spangled banner as the American Flag was raised. The parade of the 2300 athletes began traditionally with Greece and ending with the United States of America, receiving a tremendous ovation. As the artistic section kicked off, the five native Utah tribes arrived together on horseback and performed an energetic stomp dance on the ice. Robbie Robertson and Dixie Chicks also performed. What followed were huge puppets of native Utah animals, including a 15 foot long bison.Template:Cn
While there was a lot of international sympathy for the US in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, there were complaints that the Games were being conducted in an overtly patriotic manner. President Bush received some criticism for departing from the Olympic charter by extending the declaration to open the Games, saying “On behalf of a proud, determined and grateful nation” before the traditional formula, “I declare open the Games of Salt Lake City”.[29] In addition, the President opened the games standing among the US athletes, while previous heads of state opened the games from an official box. NBC's Bob Costas applauded the move during the network's coverage of the Opening Ceremony.
- The official box was occupied by the President's Olympic delegation
- Dorothy Koch, The President's sister
- Five Sports Legends
- Lance Armstrong, Tour de France Champion
- Hayden Fry, Retired University of Iowa head football coach
- Sheryl Swoopes-Jackson, WNBA star
- Cal Ripken, Jr., Retired Baltimore Orioles Third Baseman
- Darrell Waltrip, Retired NASCAR Winston Cup Series Champion
- The Cabinet
- Colin Powell, U.S. Department of State
- Mel Martinez, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
- Gale Ann Norton, U.S. Department of the Interior
- Tommy Thompson, Department of Health and Human Services
- Ann Veneman, U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Christine Todd Whitman, Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2002 Olympic Symbols
Olympic Emblem
The 2002 Olympic emblem is a snowflake, which consisted of three separate sections. The yellow top section symbolizes the Olympic Flame, and represents the athletes' courage. The orange center section symbolizes the ancient weaving styles of Utah's Native Americans, and represents the region's culture. The blue/purple bottom section symbolizes a snow-capped mountain, and represents the contrast of Utah's mountain and desert areas. The orange/yellow colors above the blue/purple bottom section also gave the appearance of a sun rising from behind a mountain.
Theme colors
An official palette of colors, which ranged from cool blues to warm reds and oranges, was created for the Salt Lake 2002 games. The palette became part of the official design theme named Land of Contrast – Fire and Ice, with the blues representing the cooler, snowy, mountainous regions of Northern Utah, and the oranges and red representing the warmer, rugged, red-rock areas of Southern Utah.[30]
Pictograms
As with all Olympic games, pictograms, which easily identified the venues, sports, and services for spectators without using a written language, were specifically designed for the Salt Lake 2002 games. The pictograms for these games mimicked the designs of branding-irons found in the western United States, and used the Fire and Ice theme colors of the Salt Lake 2002 Games. The line thickness and 30-degree angles found in the pictograms mirror those found in the snowflake emblem.[30]
Powder, Copper and Coal
2002 Olympic Mascots
The mascots
- Main article: Powder, Copper and Coal
The mascots represent three of Utah's indigenous animals, and are named after natural resources which have long been important to Utah's economy, survival, and culture. All three animals are major characters in the legends of local Native Americans, and each mascot wears a charm around its neck with an original Anasazi or Fremont-style petroglyph.
- Powder – A Snowshoe Hare, represents the Native American legend when the sun was too close to the earth and was burning it. The hare ran to the top of a mountain, and shot her arrow into the sun. This caused it to drop lower in the sky, cooling the earth.
- Copper – A Coyote, represents the Native American legend when the earth froze and turned dark, the coyote climbed to the highest mountaintop and stole a flame from the fire people. He returned and brought warmth and light to the people.
- Coal – An American black bear, represents the Native American legend of hunters who were never able to kill the mighty bear. Today the sons of these hunters still chase the bear across the night sky, as constellations.
The Olympic Torch and relay
- Main article: 2002 Winter Olympics torch relay
The 2002 Olympic Torch is modeled after an icicle, with a slight curve to represent speed and fluidity. The Torch measures Template:Convert long, Template:Convert wide at the top, Template:Convert at the bottom, and was designed by Axiom Design of Salt Lake City.[31][32] It was created with three sections, each with its own meaning and representation.[31]
The torch relay was a 65 day run, from December 4, 2001 to February 8, 2002, which carried the Olympic flame through 46 of the 50 states in the United States.[33] The torch covered Template:Convert, passed through 300 communities, and was carried by 12,012 Torchbearers.[33]
The cauldron pictured in the Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Cauldron Park
The Olympic Cauldron
The Olympic Cauldron was designed with the official motto Light the Fire Within and the Fire and Ice theme in mind. It was designed to look like an icicle, and was made of glass which allowed the fire to be seen burning within. The actual glass cauldron stands atop a twisting glass and steel support, is Template:Convert high, and the flame within burns at Template:Convert.[34] Together with its support the cauldron stands Template:Convert tall and was made of 738 individual pieces of glass. Small jets send water down the glass sides of the cauldron, both to keep the glass and metal cooled (so they would not crack or melt), and to give the effect of melting ice.[35] The cauldron was designed by WET Design of Los Angeles, its frame built by Arrow Dynamics of Clearfield, Utah, and its glass pieces created by Western Glass of Ogden, Utah. The cauldron's cost was $2 million, and it was unveiled to the public during its original install at Rice-Eccles Stadium (2002 Olympic Stadium) on January 8, 2002.[36] Following the completion of the 2002 Winter Olympics the cauldron was installed at the permanent Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Cauldron Park, next the 2002 Olympic Stadium in Salt Lake City.
A second Olympic cauldron burned at the Awards Plaza in downtown Salt Lake City during the games. It was known as the Hero's Cauldron and was in the backdrop of every awards ceremony. This was the first time two cauldrons were used during the same Olympic Games.[37]
Security measures
These Olympic games were the first since September 11, 2001, which meant a higher level of security than ever before provided for the Games. The Office of Homeland Security (OHS) designated the Olympics a National Special Security Event (NSSE).
Aerial surveillance and radar control was provided by the Marines of Marine Air Control Squadron 2 det C, from Cherry Point NC.
When he spoke during the opening ceremonies, Jacques Rogge, presiding over his first olympics as IOC president, told the athletes of the United States, the host country:[38]
Template:Quote
See also
Template:IOC seealso
- Category:Competitors at the 2002 Winter Olympics
- Call of the Champions, the Olympic theme song for 2002
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Template:Cite book
- ↑ Air Edel | Composers | MARK WATTERS. Retrieved on May 14, 2011.
- ↑ Salt Lake population figures by the United States Census
- ↑ Template:Cite book
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Template:Cite book
- ↑ IOC Vote History
- ↑ GamesBids.com Past Olympic Games Bids
- ↑ Template:Cite book
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Template:Cite book
- ↑ Template:Cite book
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- ↑ Template:Cite book
- ↑ Template:Cite book
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Canadian Press. "Canada sets Olympic gold record", CBC Sports, February 27, 2010. Retrieved on February 27, 2010.
- ↑ "U.S. clinches medals mark, Canada ties gold record", February 27, 2010. Retrieved on March 12, 2010.
- ↑ Abrahamson, Alan. "'Excellent and friendly Games' come to a close", NBC, March 1, 2010. Retrieved on March 1, 2010.
- ↑ Johnson, Kirk. "In Olympics Success, Romney Found New Edge", September 19, 2007. Retrieved on 31 August 2012.
- ↑ Jim, Rutenburg, "Mormons’ First Families Rally Behind Romney", The New York Times, web pp. 2 & 3, July 16, 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
- ↑ Karl, Jonathan, [1], "EXCLUSIVE: In ’02 Romney Touted D.C. Connections, Federal Funds"], ABC News, web pp. 1, March 2, 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-27.
- ↑ Bob Weiner & Caitlin Harrison. "Expect illegal drugs at 2012 Olympics", December 29, 2010. Retrieved on January 7, 2011.
- ↑ Andrew Dampf. "Taivanchik Hearing Ordered to Stay Put", The St Petersburg Times, The Associated Press, August 13, 2002. Retrieved on January 31, 2012.
- ↑ MacKay, Duncan. "Chariots of ire: is US jingoism tarnishing the Olympic ideal?", The Guardian, February 15, 2002. Retrieved on September 2, 2008.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Template:Cite book
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Salt Lake Organizing Committee. Olympic Torch Relay. Archived from the original on October 24, 2001. Retrieved on October 24, 2010.
- ↑ "Olympic Torch Design", February 21, 2001. Retrieved on October 27, 2010.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Template:Cite book
- ↑ Lisa Riley Roche. "Cauldron creation detailed in book", January 31, 2004. Retrieved on November 3, 2010.
- ↑ Template:Cite book
- ↑ John Daley. "Caldron Unveiled", January 8, 2002. Retrieved on November 3, 2010.
- ↑ "Two Cauldrons Burning", February 9, 2002. Retrieved on January 9, 2011.
- ↑ Winter Olympics Open Amid Tight Security. ABC News (February 8, 2002). Retrieved on January 31, 2012.
External links
Template:Commons category
- Official Salt Lake 2002 Legacy website
- Template:IOC games
- Template:IOC medals
- Olympic Legacy image archives – Utah State Historical Society
- 2002 Olympic Winter Games Museum in Park City, Utah
- 2002 Olympic Cauldron Park in Salt Lake City.
See Also
- Logos - A collection of logos featuring this event.
- Mascots - The official mascots of this Olympics'.
- Torch - Information about this Olympics' torch.
Links
| Preceded by Sydney 2000 |
Olympics 2002 |
Succeeded by Athens 2004 |
| Preceded by Nagano 1998 |
Winter Olympics 2002 |
Succeeded by Torino 2006 |
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